Perché è necessario limitare gli FPS da 3 a 7 frame sotto la frequenza del monitor?

La frequenza di aggiornamento variabile (G-Sync/FreeSync) funziona solo quando gli FPS restano rigorosamente inferiori alla frequenza massima del display. Se raggiungi 144 FPS a 144Hz, i picchi di frametime escono dal range VRR, causando tearing o attivando il buffer V-Sync (15-50ms di ritardo). Il limite FPS garantisce un margine di sicurezza (Δt).

Perché V-Sync deve essere ATTIVATO nel driver ma DISATTIVATO nel gioco?

Con G-Sync attivo e FPS limitati, il V-Sync del driver sincronizza i tempi di scansione senza creare code nel buffer, eliminando il tearing sui bordi senza alcuna penalità di latenza. Il V-Sync nel gioco, invece, attiva doppi o tripli buffer, aggiungendo 15-30ms di input lag.

NVIDIA Reflex sostituisce la necessità di un limite FPS manuale?

Sì, nei giochi con supporto nativo per Reflex ("On" o "On + Boost"), il motore imposta automaticamente un limite adatto al tuo monitor. Per i giochi senza Reflex, tuttavia, è obbligatorio impostare un limite manuale nel gioco o nel driver.

Il limitatore di RTSS è migliore di quello interno del gioco?

Un buon limitatore nel gioco o NVIDIA Reflex offre la latenza minima (~0ms). RivaTuner (RTSS) garantisce il frame pacing più uniforme e fluido su Windows, ma introduce circa 1 frame di latenza nel buffer.

Estándar de Hardware Esports Low Latency • Tear-Free Pacing

Calculadora de Límite de FPS para G-Sync y VRR

Límites óptimos de FPS y cálculos de delta de frametime para gaming competitivo sin tearing ni latencia.

Step 1 • Monitor Refresh Rate

Frecuencia de Actualización del Monitor

165 Hz

Preajustes Comunes de Esports

Frecuencia Personalizada (Hz)

48 Hz 144 Hz 240 Hz 360 Hz 540 Hz 600 Hz

Step 2 • GPU Platform

GPU Architecture

Step 3 • Pacing Algorithm

Algoritmo de Cálculo

Step 4 • Frame Limiter Method

Comparativa de Motores Limitadores de FPS

Límite Recomendado

-7 FPS por debajo de la frecuencia nativa (165Hz Monitor)

Delta de Seguridad de Frametime (Δt) +0.269 ms Estado del Búfer (Δt)

Tiempo Objetivo de Entrega de Fotograma 6.33 ms 1000 / 158 FPS

Live VRR Window Gauge

VRR State: LOCKED IN RANGE (0% TEARING)

LFC (0-48)

Active VRR Window (48Hz – 165Hz)

Tear Zone

★ 158 Cap

165Hz

LFC Floor 48 Hz

Active Cap 158 FPS

Display Refresh 165 Hz

Safety Delta -7 FPS (+0.269ms)

NVIDIA GeForce Setup

Dynamic Driver Checklist

Actionable step-by-step driver and game configuration for zero tearing and minimal input lag.

0 / 5 Configured

Step 1. Enable G-SYNC in Control Panel Display Setting

Open NVIDIA Control Panel (or modern NVIDIA App) → Display → Set up G-SYNC → Check "Enable G-SYNC, G-SYNC Compatible" → Select "Enable for full screen mode" (or windowed and full screen).

Path: NVIDIA Control Panel > Display > Set up G-SYNC > Enable G-SYNC / G-SYNC Compatible

Step 2. Driver V-Sync (Safety Governor) Driver V-Sync

Go to Manage 3D Settings → Global Settings → Set Vertical Sync to ON. This synchronizes the frame buffer timing and eliminates tearing near the ceiling without adding lag below the cap.

Path: NVIDIA Control Panel > Manage 3D Settings > Global Settings > Vertical Sync = ON

Step 3. Set Max Frame Rate to 158 FPS Frame Rate Cap

Go to Manage 3D Settings → Max Frame Rate → Enter 158. If using an in-game limiter or NVIDIA Reflex, leave this as a universal safety ceiling.

Path: NVIDIA Control Panel > Manage 3D Settings > Max Frame Rate = 158 FPS

Step 4. Set Low Latency Mode to Ultra Low Latency Mode

Set Low Latency Mode to Ultra (or enable NVIDIA Reflex: On + Boost inside individual game settings to sleep render threads at dispatch).

Path: NVIDIA Control Panel > Manage 3D Settings > Low Latency Mode = Ultra

Step 5. In-Game Settings: V-Sync OFF Game Menus

In every game menu, set Vertical Sync: OFF, Triple Buffering: OFF, and select Exclusive Fullscreen or Borderless Windowed to prevent engine queue latency.

Path: In-Game Video Settings > V-Sync = OFF | Triple Buffering = OFF

Visual Simulation

Interactive Frame Pacing & Latency Simulator

Simulate how capping affects frame-time queues, screen tearing, and V-Sync input lag spikes.

VRR SYNCHRONIZED: Continuous Variable Refresh Active

Frame render completes with +0.269ms buffer before VBLANK. 0% tear, zero V-Sync lag penalty.

Status: Locked in VRR (0% Tearing • 0ms Extra Lag)

Simulated Frame Rate 158 FPS Target: 165Hz Display

Input Lag Penalty 0.0 ms (Zero Buffer Penalty)

Tearing Probability 0.0% (Zero)

Quick Reference Matrix

Standard Monitor Refresh Rate Cheat Sheet

Instantly view and copy mathematically tuned FPS caps for every standard PC gaming monitor.

Display Refresh	Scanout Time	Reflex Buffer	Classic Buffer
60 Hz	16.67 ms	+0.28 ms	+0.57 ms
75 Hz	13.33 ms	+0.36 ms	+0.36 ms
100 Hz	10.00 ms	+0.31 ms	+0.31 ms
120 Hz	8.33 ms	+0.29 ms	+0.21 ms
144 Hz	6.94 ms	+0.30 ms	+0.15 ms
165 Hz Active	6.06 ms	+0.27 ms	+0.11 ms
180 Hz	5.56 ms	+0.26 ms	+0.13 ms
240 Hz	4.17 ms	+0.28 ms	+0.07 ms
280 Hz	3.57 ms	+0.28 ms	+0.07 ms
360 Hz	2.78 ms	+0.27 ms	+0.04 ms
390 Hz	2.56 ms	+0.28 ms	+0.05 ms
480 Hz	2.08 ms	+0.28 ms	+0.03 ms
500 Hz	2.00 ms	+0.28 ms	+0.03 ms
540 Hz	1.85 ms	+0.28 ms	+0.02 ms
600 Hz	1.67 ms	+0.29 ms	+0.02 ms

Game Configuration Presets

Esports Titles Launch Options & In-Engine Commands

1-click copy pre-formatted launch commands and console arguments calibrated to your recommended cap (158 FPS).

Counter-Strike 2

Source 2 Engine

Disables Source 2 frame pacing variance while keeping sub-tick input responsiveness optimal.

Launch Argument / Command:

+fps_max 158

Target: Steam Launch Options or autoexec.cfg

Apex Legends

Respawn Engine

Eliminates high-framerate micro-stutter when rotating cameras in dense battle zones.

Launch Argument / Command:

+fps_max 158

Target: Steam / EA App Launch Arguments

Valorant

Unreal Engine 4 (Modified)

Reflex automatically applies the quadratic cap when enabled. If Reflex is off, set manual cap.

Launch Argument / Command:

Reflex: On + Boost in Video Settings

Target: In-Game Video Settings → General

Call of Duty: Warzone / MW3

IW Engine 9.0

Set Gameplay Custom Limit to calculated cap, Menu to 60 FPS, Out of Focus to 30 FPS.

Launch Argument / Command:

NVIDIA Reflex: On + Boost

Target: Graphics Settings → Display → Custom Frame Rate

Fortnite

Unreal Engine 5.4

Under UE5 Nanite/Lumen, a consistent cap stabilizes GPU 1% low frametimes significantly.

Launch Argument / Command:

DirectX 12 + Reflex Low Latency

Target: Settings → Video → Display Settings

Overwatch 2

Custom Blizzard Engine

Blizzard engine supports direct slider adjustment with zero buffering latency.

Launch Argument / Command:

NVIDIA Reflex: Enabled

Target: Options → Video → Details

Hardware Benchmark

Input Latency Hierarchy: Where to Apply Your Cap

Comparing input lag penalties, frametime stability, and engine synchronization across capping methods.

Limiter Method	Added Latency	Frame-Time Jitter	Best Used For
In-Game Engine Limiter Active Choice Built directly into the game simulation loop. Offers the absolute lowest possible input latency with zero driver interception overhead, though frame-time consistency varies by game engine.	0.0 - 0.2 ms (Lowest)	Engine dependent	Fast-paced esports titles (Apex, CS2, Overwatch)
NVIDIA Reflex (In-Engine) Active Choice Dynamic render thread governor built into modern game engines. Works at the CPU/GPU dispatch boundary to completely eliminate render queues without requiring manual frame capping.	~0.1 ms (Optimal)	Automatically stabilized	Reflex-supported games (Valorant, Fortnite, Warzone)
RTSS (RivaTuner Stat Server) CPU-level hook with high-precision micro-sleep timers. Produces ruler-flat frametime graphs with zero jitter, at the trade-off of approximately up to one frame of pipeline latency.	~1 frame (~3 - 7 ms) (Pacing Focus)	Near 0.0 ms (Flattest pacing)	AAA cinematic single-player games wanting zero micro-stutter
GPU Driver Limiter (CPL) Universal safety ceiling applied in NVIDIA Control Panel / AMD Adrenalin. Works on every title regardless of engine support, protecting against VRR boundary blowouts.	~1.5 - 2.5 ms (Good)	Good	Set-and-forget universal protection across all PC games

Línea Temporal de Entrega y Búfer de Seguridad

Visualice el intervalo de escaneo del monitor frente al tiempo objetivo para garantizar que los fotogramas nunca choquen con el límite.

Δt: +0,27 ms (Óptimo )

Escaneo (6,06ms): Reloj de refresco de líneas del hardware de la pantalla.

Límite Objetivo (6,33ms): Plazo seguro de entrega de fotogramas al monitor.

Búfer V-Sync / Tearing: Ocurre cuando la tasa de fotogramas alcanza o supera los Hz nativos.

Generador de Configuración (Copiar con 1 Clic)

Comandos listos para pegar en archivos de configuración y parámetros de inicio de juegos.

Controlador NVIDIA NVIDIA Profile Inspector / NVCP

Aplicar en el Perfil Base global o en el perfil de juego específico en NVIDIA Profile Inspector:

Frame Rate Limiter = 0x0000009E (158 FPS)
Frame Rate Limiter V3 = 158
Maximum Pre-Rendered Frames = 1

RTSS (.cfg) Línea de Perfil RivaTuner

Añadir directamente a Global o a <juego>.exe.cfg dentro de la carpeta Profiles:

[Framerate]
Limit = 158
LimitDenominator = 1
SyncMode = 1

Unreal Engine Engine.ini (Valorant, Fortnite, etc.)

Añadir al final de %LOCALAPPDATA%\<Juego>\Saved\Config\WindowsClient\Engine.ini:

[/Script/Engine.Engine]
bSmoothFrameRate=FALSE
bUseFixedFrameRate=FALSE
FrameRateLimit=158.000000

Source 2 & Steam Autoexec CS2 y Parámetros de Lanzamiento Steam

Colocar en cs2\game\csgo\cfg\autoexec.cfg o en Propiedades de Steam > Parámetros de lanzamiento:

// VRR / G-Sync Autoexec Preset for 165Hz Display
fps_max "158"
fps_max_ui "120"
engine_low_latency_sleep_after_client_tick "true"
cl_smooth "0"

Parámetro de lanzamiento Steam: +fps_max 158 -high -novid

Hardware Specification

VRR Standards & Ecosystem Comparison

Comparing physical hardware modules, variable overdrive characteristics, and Low Framerate Compensation.

NVIDIA G-SYNC (Native Module)

Hardware FPGA

Features a proprietary physical NVIDIA FPGA scalar module inside the display. Delivers flawless variable overdrive across the entire refresh curve without overshoot/ghosting artifacts.

Active VRR Range: 1 Hz to Max Hz

Variable Overdrive: Variable Overdrive (Hardware Tuned)

LFC Mechanism: Native Hardware Frame Doubling down to 1 Hz

NVIDIA G-SYNC Compatible

VESA Standard

Certified by NVIDIA to run over standard DisplayPort / HDMI 2.1 VRR protocols on monitors without an expensive FPGA hardware chip. Validated for zero blanking, flicker, or artifacting.

Active VRR Range: Typically 48 Hz to Max Hz

Variable Overdrive: Fixed / Display Scalar Dependent

LFC Mechanism: Driver-managed LFC (when Max >= 2.4x Min)

AMD FreeSync Premium Pro

Radeon Tier

The top-tier AMD standard requiring at least 120Hz at 1080p, Low Framerate Compensation (LFC), and direct tone-mapping pass-through for sub-frame latency in HDR titles.

Active VRR Range: Typically 48 Hz to Max Hz

Variable Overdrive: Display Scalar Dependent

LFC Mechanism: Mandatory LFC Frame Multiplying

VESA Adaptive-Sync / HDMI 2.1 VRR

Open Standard

The underlying VESA DisplayPort and HDMI 2.1 Forum VRR protocols utilized by PC graphics cards and current-generation gaming consoles (PS5, Xbox Series X/S).

Active VRR Range: Variable (e.g. 40 - 144Hz / 48 - 240Hz)

Variable Overdrive: Display Firmware Dependent

LFC Mechanism: Monitor / GPU Handshake Dependent

Knowledge Base

Frequently Asked Questions & Technical Mechanics

Deep-dive explanations on VRR physics, driver-level synchronization, presentation models, and 1% low stability.

La frecuencia de refresco variable (G-Sync/FreeSync) solo actúa cuando los FPS se mantienen estrictamente por debajo del máximo de tu pantalla. Si alcanzas 144 FPS en 144Hz, las fluctuaciones rebasan el límite, desactivando VRR y provocando tearing o latencia V-Sync (15-50ms). Limitar los FPS garantiza un margen de seguridad temporal (Δt).

Con G-Sync activo y los FPS limitados, el V-Sync del controlador sincroniza la entrega sin acumular fotogramas en el búfer, eliminando el tearing en la parte inferior de la pantalla sin penalización de latencia. En cambio, el V-Sync dentro del juego suele activar doble o triple búfer, añadiendo 15-30ms de retardo.